ABSTRACT
BackgroundThe long-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on many aspects of society emphasizes the necessity of vaccination and nucleic acid conversion time as markers of prevention and diagnosis. However, little research has been conducted on the immunological effects of vaccines and the influencing factors of virus clearance. Epidemiological characteristics and factors related to disease prognosis and nucleic acid conversion time need to be explored. Design and participantsWe reviewed published documentation to create an initial draft. The data were then statistically evaluated to determine their link. Given that a Chongqing shelter hospital is typical in terms of COVID-19 patients receiving hospital management and treatment effects, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 4,557 cases of COVID-19 infection in a shelter hospital in Chongqing in December 2022, which comprised 2,291 males and 2,266 females. The variables included age, medical history, nucleic acid conversion time, vaccination status, and clinical symptoms. ResultsUnivariate survival analysis using the Log-rank test (P < 0.05) showed that factors such as age significantly affected nucleic acid conversion time. COX regression analysis indicated a significant association between a history of hypertension and nucleic acid conversion time, which had a hazard ratio of 0.897 (95% CI: 0.811-0.992). A statistically significant difference was observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated infected individuals in terms of the presence of symptoms such as cough and sensory system manifestations (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe effect of vaccination against COVID-19 on symptoms such as coughing, nasal congestion, muscle aches, runny nose, and sensory system symptoms in COVID-19 patients was determined. Typical symptoms, such as runny nose, were generally higher in vaccinated than in unvaccinated ones; previous hypertension was an influential factor in nucleic acid conversion time in patients with COVID-19 infection. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONSThis study clarifies the advantages of vaccination by comparing the symptom development between patients who had received vaccinations and those who had not. This research suggests potential future study directions, such as investigating the impact of pre-existing diseases like hypertension on viral clearance time and assessing vaccine efficacy and safety in certain demographic groups. This work investigated data from 4,557 coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to a shelter hospital, which offered significant insights into patients clinical features and outcomes over a defined time span. This study has several flaws because a retrospective analysis method was used and not all confounding variables that might have affected the results were appropriately controlled. The overall research sample may not be representative of other communities because it was drawn from a shelter hospital in Chongqing, and the types of immunizations used were not disclosed. These factors might have had an impact on the precision and extent of the research findings.
Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections , Pain , Cough , Hypertension , COVID-19ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND and OBJECTIVE The rhythms of life, work and entertainment behaviours are considered as the external behavioural manifestations of biological rhythm.To evaluate the distinctive disrupted rhythms of behaviours and their associations with mental health problems in people with different backgrounds under the stress of COVID-19 epidemic.SUBJECTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from 10-17 March 2020 under the stress of COVID-19 epidemic.A structured e-questionnaire containing general information,rhythm scale(subscale1 for life-work rhythms and subscale2 for entertainment rhythm) and Zung's self-rating depression and anxiety scale(SDS and SAS) were filled and the data were analysed.RESULTS Overall 5854 participants were included.Significant differences were found in rhythm, SDS and SAS scores among people with different backgrounds (all P<0.05). Subjects with female gender and poor health status were mostly suffered from disrupted rhythms of life- work-entertainment behaviours, combined with depression and anxiety. Nurses and subjects being divorced or with chronic disease with psychosomatic diseases were mostly suffered from disrupted rhythms of life-work behaviours, combined with depression and anxiety. Subjects with aged 26-30 years, or annual income of 50,000-100,000CY were mostly suffered from disrupted rhythms of life-work combined with depression. Subjects with income over 300,000CY were mostly suffered from disrupted rhythm of entertainment combined with anxiety.The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety in people with the high-scores of rhythm disruption increased by 34.50% and 47.16%, respectively, compared with those with low-scores.People with the high-scores of rhythm disruption had higher SDS and SAS scores, compared to those with low scores (all P<0.001). The independent related factors of disrupted rhythms included gender,age,marital status, health status,annual income and chronic diseases with psychosomatic diseases using logistic regression.The disrupted rhythms of life and work behaviours was positively correlated with both SDS and SAS scores.CONCLUSIONS The disrupted rhythms of life, work and entertainment behaviours were closely associated with mental health problems.The disrupted rhythms of behaviours are frequent and fluxible,triggering more severe mental health problems under the stress of COVID-19 epidemic.The physicians should be aware of their importance when evaluating their interviewees or patients’ mental health and achieving maximization of therapeutic efficacy by integrating the intervention of circadian rhythm and its behaviour.